Imikorere Imbere Imashini Ipakira Amata Yasobanuwe

Byikoraimashini ipakira amataikora uruziga rukomeza rwo gupakira amata. Urashobora kubona imashini ikoresha umuzingo wa firime ya plastike kugirango ikore umuyoboro uhagaze. Yuzuza uyu muyoboro ubwinshi bwamata. Hanyuma, ubushyuhe nigitutu kashe hanyuma ukate umuyoboro mumifuka imwe. Ubu buryo bwikora butanga inyungu zingenzi.

Iyi mikorere ningirakamaro kumasoko manini kandi akura. Inganda zipakira amata ku isi zerekana kwaguka gahoraho, bishimangira ko hakenewe ikoranabuhanga ryihuse kandi ryizewe.

Intambwe ya 1: Gukora umufuka uva muri Firime

Urugendo ruva mumuzingo woroshye wa plastike ujya mumufuka wamata ufunze utangirana nuburyo bwiza bwo gukora. Urashobora kureba uko imashini ihindura urupapuro ruringaniye muburyo bwiza, bwiteguye kuzuzwa. Iyi ntambwe yambere ningirakamaro kubunyangamugayo no kugaragara kubicuruzwa byanyuma.

Filime Kudashaka no Guhagarika umutima

Ibintu byose bitangirana numuzingo munini wa firime yihariye ya plastike yashyizwe inyuma yimashini. Imashini irekura iyi firime ikayiyobora yerekeza ahantu hashingwa. Kugumana urugero rukwiye rwo guhagarika umutima kuri firime ni ngombwa cyane.

Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyuma byikora byerekana ko firime ikomeza kuba nziza kandi neza. Sisitemu irinda ibibazo bisanzwe nkiminkanyari cyangwa kurambura. Ikoresha neza inzira ya firime, ikora ubwikorezi butagira inkeke kuva kumuzingo kugera kumuyoboro. Iri tegeko ryikora ryemeza isakoshi ihamye kandi yujuje ubuziranenge buri gihe.

Impanuro: Sisitemu yo gutera imbere igezweho ikorwa kugirango igabanye gutandukana no gucunga inzira y'urubuga binyuze mumuzingo udafite akazi. Igishushanyo nurufunguzo rwo kugera kuri firime nziza cyane, idafite inkeke ikwiranye na buri mufuka.

Imiterere ya Tube

Ibikurikira, uzabona firime iringaniye hejuru yikintu kidasanzwe cyitwa collaring. Gukora amakariso, cyangwa igitugu, nuyobora imeze nka cone. Akazi kayo kambere nuguhindura firime iringaniye hanyuma ukayikora muburyo buzengurutse, busa na tube.

Nyuma yo guca kuri cola, firime irazenguruka umuyoboro muremure, wuzuye uzwi nka trube ikora. Impande zombi zihagaritse za firime zuzengurutse iyi tube. Uku guhuzagurika kurema ikidodo cyiteguye gushyirwaho ikimenyetso. Ubugari bwumubyimba ugena ubugari bwanyuma bwumufuka wamata. Guhitamo firime nabyo ni ngombwa. Filime zitandukanye zitanga urwego rutandukanye rwo kurinda no kubaho neza.

Filime ubwayo igomba kuba ifite ibintu byihariye kugirango ikore neza mumuvuduko mwinshiimashini ipakira amata:

· Koroha: Firime ikenera ubuso buke bwo gutembera kugirango igendere imbaraga muri mashini.

· Imbaraga za Tensile: Igomba kuba ikomeye bihagije kugirango ihangane ningufu zikurura imashini zidatanyagura.

· Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa Surface: Ubuso busaba ubuvuzi, nko kuvura corona, kugirango icapiro ryino rikurikire neza.

· Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya: Filime igomba gushonga kandi igahuza neza kugirango ikore kashe ikomeye, idashobora kumeneka.

Ikirangantego cyanyuma

Hamwe na firime yazengurutse umuyoboro wububiko hamwe nimpande zayo zuzuye, igikorwa gikurikiraho ni ugukora kashe ihagaritse. Iki kashe kiva muburebure bwumufuka kandi bakunze kwita "kashe yo hagati" cyangwa "kashe ya fin."

Imashini ikoresha utubari dushyushye duhagaritse gufunga kanda ku mpande za firime. Ku mata yamata akozwe muri firime polyethylene (PE), uburyo bukunze kugaragara ni ugufunga impulse.

Impulse yo gufunga ikora wohereza impanuka yihuta yumuriro wamashanyarazi ukoresheje insinga. Ibi bihita bishyushya insinga, ishonga ibice bya plastiki hamwe. Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mugihe gito mbere yuko plastiki ikonja kandi igakomera, ikora umurunga uhoraho, ukomeye. Ubu buryo bunoze butera icyerekezo gihagaritse cyumuyoboro, ukitegura kuzuza amata murwego rukurikira.

Intambwe ya 2: Kuzuza amata neza

Imashini imaze gukora umuyoboro uhagaze, icyiciro gikurikira nukuzuza amata. Uzabona sisitemu ikora n'umuvuduko udasanzwe kandi neza. Iyi ntambwe yemeza ko buri mufuka urimo amata nyayo, yiteguye kubakoresha. Inzira nuruvange rwimikorere yubukanishi no kugenzura isuku.

Gukora Ikimenyetso Hasi

Mbere yuko amata ayo ari yo yose ashobora gutangwa, imashini igomba gufunga munsi yigitereko cya firime. Iki gikorwa kirema ishingiro ryumufuka. Igice cyo gufunga urwasaya rutambitse rwimuka kugirango rukore iki gikorwa. Urwasaya rushyushye kandi rushyira ingufu kuri firime.

Iki gikorwa cyo gufunga kirakora neza kuko gikora imirimo ibiri icyarimwe. Urashobora kwitegereza uburyo urwasaya rurema kashe yo hepfo yumufuka mushya mugihe icyarimwe ukora ikimenyetso cyo hejuru cyumufuka munsi yacyo.

1.Urwasaya rwa horizontal rufunga hepfo yigitereko cya firime ifunguye. Ibi birema kashe yambere kumufuka mushya.

2.Iki gikorwa kimwe gifunga hejuru yumufuka wuzuye wuzuye umanitse munsi yacyo.

3.Umutemeri, ukunze kwinjizwa mumasaya, hanyuma ugatandukanya umufuka urangiye, ukamanuka kumukandara wa convoyeur.

4.Umusaya urekura, ugasigara ufite umuyoboro uhagaritse ubu ufunzwe hepfo, ugakora umufuka wubusa, ufunguye hejuru hejuru witeguye kuzura.

Sisitemu yo Gukuramo Ibipimo

Umutima wibikorwa byuzuye ni sisitemu yo gukuramo volumetric. Iyi sisitemu akazi ni ugupima ingano y amata kuri buri mufuka. Ukuri ni urufunguzo, kuko imashini zigezweho zigera ku kwihanganira ± 0.5% kugeza 1%. Ubu busobanuro bugabanya imyanda yibicuruzwa kandi byemeza ko umuguzi adahoraho.

Uwitekaimashini ipakira amataikoresha ubwoko bwihariye bwa sisitemu yo kubigeraho. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo:

· Mechanical Piston Fillers: Aba bakoresha piston igenda imbere muri silinderi kugirango bashushanye hanyuma basunike amata yagenwe.

· Ibipimo bitemba: Izi sisitemu zipima ingano y’amata uko anyura mu muyoboro no mu mufuka, agafunga valve iyo ingano yagenewe igeze.

· Poseumatique Dose Sisitemu: Ibi bikoresha umuvuduko wumwuka kugirango bigenzure ibyuzuye, bitanga imikorere yizewe kandi isukuye.

Wari ubizi? Urashobora guhindura byoroshye amajwi yuzuye kumashini zigezweho. Sisitemu nyinshi zikoresha moteri ya moteri, igufasha guhindura umubare wibipimo byubunini butandukanye (urugero, 250 ml, 500 ml, 1000 ml) biturutse kumwanya wabigenzuye nta bikoresho byintoki.

Gutanga amata mu mufuka

Umufuka wakozwe hamwe nubunini bwapimwe, amata aratangwa. Amata ava mu kigega gifata anyuze mu miyoboro y'isuku kugeza nozle yuzuye. Iyi nozzle igera hasi hejuru yumufuka.

Igishushanyo cyo kuzuza nozzle ningirakamaro kugirango wuzuze neza kandi neza. Umwanya udasanzwe wo kurwanya ifuro ukoreshwa mu kugabanya imvururu igihe amata yinjira mu mufuka. Amajwi amwe n'amwe yibira munsi yumufuka akazamuka uko yuzura, ibyo bikagabanya ubukana kandi bikarinda ifuro. Ibi bituma ubona umufuka wuzuye wamata, ntabwo ari umwuka.

Nozzles iragaragaza kandi inama zo kurwanya ibitonyanga cyangwa kuzimya. Ibi bintu birinda amata gutembera hagati yuzuye, kugira isuku yikimenyetso no kwirinda imyanda yibicuruzwa.

Kugira ngo umutekano w’ibiribwa, ibice byose bikora ku mata bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bw’isuku. Ibi bice byabugenewe kugirango bisukure byoroshye kandi neza. Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo:

· 3-Ibipimo by’isuku: Ibi bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’amata kandi bishyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana ibikoresho by’isuku n’ibikoresho.

· EHEDG (Itsinda ry’iburayi ryita ku isuku n’ubushakashatsi): Aya mabwiriza yemeza ko ibikoresho byujuje amategeko y’isuku y’iburayi binyuze mu bishushanyo mbonera no gupima.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byemeza ko uburyo bwo gutanga butuzuye gusa ahubwo ko bufite isuku rwose, burinda ubwiza n’umutekano w’amata.

Intambwe ya 3: Gufunga, Gukata, no Gusohora

Ubu umaze kubona ifishi yuzuye kandi yuzuye amata. Intambwe yanyuma ni gahunda yihuse yibikorwa bifunga umufuka, ukabigabanya kubuntu, kandi ukabyohereza munzira. Iki cyiciro kirangiza gupakira, guhindura umuyoboro wuzuye mubicuruzwa byiteguye isoko.

Guteza imbere Filime

Umufuka umaze kuzura, imashini ikenera gukuramo firime nyinshi kumufuka ukurikira. Urashobora kubona firime imbere kuburebure bwuzuye. Ubu burebure buhuye neza nuburebure bwumufuka umwe.

Ibizunguruka cyangwa imikandara bifata umuyoboro wa firime ukayikurura hepfo. Sisitemu yo kugenzura yemeza ko uru rugendo rwuzuye. Ubu busobanuro ningirakamaro kubunini bwumufuka uhoraho no gushyira muburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga no gukata urwasaya. Inzira yose irahuzwa, firime rero ihagarara mumwanya mwiza buri gihe.

Gufunga Hejuru no Gukata

Umufuka wuzuye mu mwanya, utwikiriye utambitse twongeye gufunga. Iyi nzira imwe, ikora neza ikora imirimo ibiri ikomeye icyarimwe. Urwasaya rufunga hejuru yumufuka wuzuye hepfo mugihe unakora kashe yo hepfo kumufuka ukurikira hejuru.

Imbere y'urwasaya, icyuma gityaye gikora igikorwa cyanyuma.

· Icyuma cyihariye cyo gukata icyuma kigenda vuba hagati y'urwasaya.

· Ikora isuku, itandukanya umufuka urangiye numuyoboro wa firime.

· Gufunga no gukata ibikorwa byateganijwe neza. Gukata bibaho nyuma yikimenyetso kimaze gukorwa, kwemeza ko icyuma kidahungabanya ubusugire bwa kashe.

Ubu buryo bwo guhuza ibikorwa byemeza ko buri mufuka ufunzwe neza kandi utandukanijwe neza.

Gusohora umufuka

Bimaze gukata, umufuka wamata urangiye ugabanuka kumashini. Uzabona igwa kuri convoyeur isohoka hepfo. Iyi convoyeur ihita itwara umufuka kure yaimashini ipakira amata.

Sisitemu ya convoyeur ikozwe mubyuma bidafite ingese kugirango byuzuze ibipimo byisuku. Ibishushanyo kabuhariwe nka FlexMove cyangwa AquaGard convoyeur bikoreshwa kenshi mugukoresha ibikoresho byoroshye nkibishishwa byamata neza.

Urugendo rwumufuka ntirurangira. Convoyeur itwara pouches kubikoresho byo hasi byo gupakira kabiri. Intambwe zisanzwe zikurikira zirimo:

· Gushyira hamwe.

· Gushyira amatsinda mu bisanduku.

· Gukoresha imashini ikarito kugirango uyishyire mubisanduku.

· Gabanya-gupfunyika amatsinda yo gutuza no kugurisha.

Ubu buryo bwa nyuma butegura amata yo kohereza mububiko.

Sisitemu z'ingenzi z'imashini ipakira amata

Sisitemu nyinshi zingenzi zikorana imbere aimashini ipakira amatakwemeza ko ikora neza, neza, kandi ifite isuku. Urashobora kubitekereza nkubwonko bwimashini, umutima, hamwe na sisitemu yumubiri. Kubisobanukirwa bigufasha kubona uburyo inzira yose igenzurwa kandi ikabungabungwa.

Igice cyo kugenzura PLC

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) nubwonko bwibikorwa. Iyi mudasobwa yateye imbere ikora nkumugenzuzi mukuru, icunga ibikorwa byose uhereye igihe utangiriye imashini. PLC itangiza ibikorwa byinshi byingenzi:

· Igenzura umuvuduko wimashini.

· Ikomeza ubushyuhe bukwiye.

· Ishiraho uburemere nyabwo kuri buri mufuka.

· Itahura amakosa kandi ikurura impuruza.

Urahuza na PLC ukoresheje Imigaragarire yumuntu-HMI (HMI), mubisanzwe ni ikibaho gikoraho. HMI iguha ishusho yuzuye yibikorwa. Irerekana igihe nyacyo cyo kuvugurura kandi ikakumenyesha ibibazo byose, koroshya gukemura ibibazo no kuzamura umusaruro wawe.

Sisitemu yo Kunywa

Sisitemu yo gukuramo ni umutima wibikorwa byuzuye, byemeza ko buri mufuka ubona amata akwiye. Mugihe imashini zimwe zikoresha piston yuzuza, sisitemu nyinshi zigezweho zikoresha metero ya magnetiki. Metero zitemba nibyiza kumata kuko apima ubwinshi bwamata adakoresheje imbaraga, arinda ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Zikorohereza kandi guhindura ibintu byuzuye kandi byoroshye gusukura. Kugirango ubungabunge ukuri, ugomba gukora ibisanzwe. Gusukura buri gihe no kugenzura pompe, valve, na kashe birinda gufunga no gutemba.

Sisitemu yoza-ahantu (CIP)

Sisitemu yisuku (CIP) ituma imashini isukura idakeneye kuyitandukanya. Sisitemu ikora ikwirakwiza ibisubizo byogusukura ibice byose bikora kumata. Inzira isanzwe ikubiyemo izi ntambwe:

1. Mbere yo Kwoza: Kuramo amata asigaye.
2. Gukaraba Alkali: Koresha igisubizo cya caustic nka sodium hydroxide kugirango ukureho amavuta.
3. Gukaraba Acide: Koresha aside nka acide ya nitric kugirango ukureho imyunyu ngugu, cyangwa "ibuye ry'amata."
4. Kwoza bwa nyuma: Kwoza ibikoresho byose byogusukura n'amazi meza.

Kugenzura Kwemeza: Nyuma ya CIP cycle, urashobora gukoresha ibikoresho nka metero ya ATP. Iki gikoresho kigenzura ibintu byose bisigaye kama, byemeza ko isura isukuye kandi yiteguye gukora ubutaha.

Wabonye uburyo imashini ipakira amata ikora inzinguzingo. Ikora umuyoboro uva muri firime, ukuzuza amata, hanyuma ugafunga kandi ukata umufuka kubusa. Ubu buryo bwikora buraguha umuvuduko mwinshi, isuku, no guhora, bitanga ibihumbi nibihumbi buri saha. Ejo hazaza h'ikoranabuhanga naryo riratera imbere hamwe nudushya dushimishije.